HPS or EPS?

Today, every modern car is equipped with a power steering system — an important component that makes driving easier. This is especially true for owners of SUVs, trucks and other large vehicles. Without it, manoeuvring even a light car at low speeds would be physically difficult. But what exactly is power steering and what types are there? Let's have a look.

Power steering can be hydraulic or electric. Each type has its design, operational principles, advantages, and drawbacks. Understanding their differences will help drivers make an informed choice — especially when considering repairs or purchasing a used car.

Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS)

Hydraulic power steering was first introduced in the mid-20th century and became a game-changer in automotive control. It uses the power of the internal combustion engine to operate a pump, which pressurizes transmission fluid from a dedicated tank. This pressure is directed to a hydraulic steering rack, which assists in moving the wheels when the steering wheel is turned. Once the wheel returns to its neutral position, the fluid flows back into the tank.

Advantages of HPS:

• Durability: Withstands heavy loads and extreme driving conditions

• Proven technology: Widely used in commercial and freight transport

• Adaptability: Performs well across various speed ranges

• Ease of maintenance: Common issues like fluid leaks are well-documented and manageable

• Availability: Components are cheaper and widely available for repair

Disadvantages of HPS:

• Engine dependency: The system uses engine power, which reduces fuel efficiency

• Leaks and wear: Seals and hoses require frequent inspection and replacement

• Manual checks: Requires regular monitoring of fluid levels and periodic replacement

• Less responsive: Compared to electronic systems, HPS can feel less precise

Electric Power Steering (EPS)

EPS electric power steering is a more recent innovation. Instead of fluid pressure, it relies on an electric motor to assist the steering. Sensors detect steering input and driving conditions, sending data to the ECU (electronic control unit), which calculates the required torque and instructs the motor to assist the steering rack accordingly.

This electric power steering system is not only more energy-efficient but also lighter and more responsive. The absence of fluid-based components means fewer leaks and simpler maintenance.

Advantages of EPS:

• Fuel efficiency: Doesn’t draw power from the engine

• Compact design: Ideal for small and mid-sized vehicles

• Responsive handling: Quick feedback based on real-time data

• Low maintenance: Fewer mechanical parts mean fewer breakdowns

• Smart safety: Some systems automatically adjust in case of overheating

Disadvantages of EPS:

• High cost: More expensive components and repairs

• Complex diagnostics: Requires advanced equipment and specialists for repair

• Power limitations: Not ideal for heavy-duty vehicles like trucks and full-size SUVs

• Perceived feedback: Some drivers report that steering feels “too light” or artificial

Hydraulic vs electric steering: Comparison

Who Should Choose What?

The question “Is electric power steering better than hydraulic?” doesn’t have a one-size-fits-all answer. Choosing between HPS and EPS depends on the type of vehicle, driving habits, and personal preferences.

• For everyday drivers and urban commuters, especially those driving compact or mid-size sedans, cars with electric power steering offer better efficiency, lower emissions, and more comfort.

• For off-roaders, commercial drivers, or those needing more tactile feedback, hydraulic systems remain the more robust and reliable choice.

In recent years, automakers have improved EPS systems to match or surpass HPS in performance. As technology evolves, we may see hydraulic power steering vs electric debates settle in favor of advanced electric systems. However, for now, each has its place.

Do electric power steering have fluid?
No. Unlike hydraulic systems, EPS uses no fluid. That means fewer maintenance worries and no messy leaks — one reason for their growing popularity.

If you’re considering a vehicle upgrade, repair, or even evaluating used cars, knowing how the power steering system works — and the hydraulic vs electric steering comparison — can help you make the right choice.

Conclusion: HPS is operated by engine power, against the background of this decreases overall efficiency and dynamic performance. As for cars and sports cars, EPS has crucial positions (but not always). If we are talking about powerful and high-quality SUVs, the advantage will go to HPS. It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question "what is better?"  

In addition to many differences among themselves, systems on cars from different manufacturers can show differences in inefficiency. The car is a complex system, the evaluation of its components always has a share of error. Possible subsequent modifications of EPS. They will be able to compete with HPS and drive it out of the market.