Understanding what power steering fluid is

Modern vehicles rely on many systems to make driving comfortable and safe. One of the key elements is the hydraulic power steering, which requires a special liquid to function properly. So, what is power steering fluid, and why is it so important for your car?

What it is and why it is needed

Power steering fluid is a special hydraulic fluid used in the steering system. It is designed to relieve and optimize the energy needed to operate the power steering system. It also serves as a conduit between the steering components. To put it simply, it powers the system and enables the driver to make advanced manoeuvres with ease.

Power steering fluid - what does it do? If a power steering fluid wasn't used, it would be necessary to apply significantly more physical effort — perhaps to the point of discomfort and danger. In this case, drivers might be feeling hard to direct the vehicle, let alone at very low speeds, while parking, or while making sharp turns.

All the rotating parts are well lubricated as well with the fluid, and it diminishes the harmful effects of excessive heat generated under constant pressure in the hydraulics of the system. To summarize, power steering fluid helps with steering effortless, but the more additives it contains, the better and longer it will last.

How often do you need to replace fluid?

Some drivers do not see the necessity of replacing the fluid until critical situations. Steering fluid also has an expiry date. Different power steering fluid manufacturers and additives advise on replacing the fluid every 60,000–100,000 km or every 3–5 years, depending on operating conditions.

Signs that replacement is needed

The typical signs that steering fluid is old or deteriorated include both mechanical and visual components that should not go unrecognized. Some examples include:

1. Whining or squealing noises when turning the wheel. These sounds indicate that the pump is working harder than normal, and that the fluid is either old and containing air bubbles or has lost its lubricating qualities.
2. Increased steering effort. When the fluid can not move along the hydraulic system freely, the driver can feel resistance, making routine driving and parking much more difficult.
3. Jerky or uneven wheel response. Rather than responding to steering wheel movements fluidly and smoothly, the steering system may operate with delays and sudden jumps, decreasing overall control.
4. Drastic and sudden color change of the fluid, or the fluid is burnt. Clean liquid has either a reddish, greenish, or amber tint to it. If the liquid is dark, cloudy, or has a strong odor, it indicates the fluid is old and has been severely overheated.

The above-mentioned signs indicate that replacement is needed, otherwise increasing worsening of the situation is all but certain.

How to check the level  

The steering fluid level check can be done at home. You have to lift the hood and find the reservoir which is usually indicated with the symbol of a steering wheel. There is also a dipstick or transparent cylinder with markings on the side. Fluid levels must be between the marked levels and be clean or even reddish and greenish depending on the type.  

Neglecting replacement risks  

Maintenance not done is said to be a leading cause of additional wear to the steering pump, seals and even the hoses. Old or dirty fluid can cause the steering system to overheat, corrode, or do more damage leading to total failure. Routinely changing the fluid will reduces the additional expense of having to repair or replace certain components.  

In conclusion, power steering fluid serves to maintain your steering system in top condition which is essential to the reliability and comfort of your driving. Timely replacement and regular checks are best to avoid expensive repairs.